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The objective is a tall order. The quantum-resistant cryptographic data needed to transparently publish TLS certificates is roughly 40 times bigger than the classical cryptographic material used today. Today’s X.509 certificates are about 64 bytes in size, and comprise six elliptic curve signatures and two EC public keys. This material can be cracked through the quantum-enabled Shor’s algorithm. Certificates containing the equivalent quantum-resistant cryptographic material are roughly 2.5 kilobytes. All this data must be transmitted when a browser connects to a site.
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随后，工信部等五部门联合印发《钢铁行业稳增长工作方案（2025-2026年）》，核心思路是“管住增量、优化存量”，通过产能减量置换、产量调控和分级分类管理，倒逼低效产能退出市场。